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Subjunctive endings1/7/2024 perfect middle: PERFECT MIDDLE PARTICIPLE followed by the SUBJUNCTIVE form of εἰμί.perfect active: PERFECT ACTIVE PARTICIPLE followed by the SUBJUNCTIVE form of εἰμί.In the PERFECT tense, the forms of the SUBJUNCTIVE mood proved difficult for Greeks to say. Sometimes in the ACTIVE voice, and always in the MIDDLE voice, Greek used the following PERIPHRASTIC forms (S 599, 691): The Perfect Subjunctive Active of λύω (S 383 GPH p. The Aorist Subjunctive Middle of λύω (S 383 GPH p. The Aorist Subjunctive Active of λύω (S 383 GPH p. The Present Subjunctive Middle of λύω (S 383 GPH p. The Present Subjunctive Active of λύω (S 383 GPH p. The tense of the subjunctive is indicated not by any additional markers or endings, but only by the TENSE STEM. To see how to form the subjunctive in its three tenses, let’s take a look at these examples: 179)įor the MIDDLE voice, the subjunctive personal endings are as follows:Īll three tenses of the subjunctive use the same set of THEMATIC endings. Present, Subjunctive, Active of εἰμί (S 768 GPH p. Accents and breathing marks are identical in all persons and numbers.The present subjunctive of εἰμί is not enclitic.These personal endings are the same form as the PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE ACTIVE of εἰμί. ![]() These personal endings are THEMATIC PRIMARY endings, though with the thematic vowel lengthened ( ω/ η) (S 457).įor the ACTIVE voice, the subjunctive personal endings are as follows: Since the SUBJUNCTIVE mood always refers to hypothetical events, it NEVER has an augment.ĪLL verbs in Greek use exactly the same personal endings to mark the subjunctive mood. There are only three tenses of the subjunctive, each of which express ASPECT, not time: The subjunctive mood primarily refers to HYPOTHETICAL actions in the PRESENT or FUTURE, i.e., in the same time covered by the PRIMARY tenses of verbs. In this lesson, we introduce another mood: the SUBJUNCTIVE. The IMPERATIVE mood is used to give COMMANDS.The INDICATIVE mood indicates FACTS about actions or states.We have already learned three moods of Greek verbs: the indicative, infinitive, and the imperative. Inscribed votive stele for the hero Kallistephanos, with a scene from the workshop of a cobbler, Dionysios. Participles: Aorist Active Middle and Passive ![]() Third Declension Nouns: Stems in -ι and -υ Third Declension Nouns: Stems in -ρ and -εσ
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